@Sakin: okay, maybe it’s better to explain my idea from the start.
On my new blog there’s a page called ‘Sketches’. Every time I add a post to my blog with the tag ‘sketch’, I want the featured image of that post to appear on the page ‘Sketches’ in a responsive grid. Just think of Pinterest, that’s the way I want my page ‘Sketches’ to look.
This is the page: http://www.brimbrom.com/sketches/
Your solution with the child theme sounds plausible, but I have no idea how to do that. Is it just as simple as making a copy of the core file (index.php)? And where should I place such a copy and how does my blog know which file to use?