Ok, just to be sure we’re talking about the same thing:
I have a page called “My blog”. That page contains summary posts and links to my actual blog posts (ie. Read More… links). This page has the Featured Image attached to it, and has the Feature Image “enabled”, but does not appear on the page.
I also have other static pages like Free Illustrated Bible Stories that has a feature image attached and is enabled, and appears on the page.
What I’m hearing you say, if I understand correctly, is that I need to set the feature image for ALL blog posts in order for the feature image on the My Blog page above to display. Is this correct?