I want to make my blog section different than the rest of the site

Hi Sakin, I would like to make the layout of my Blog pages slightly different than all the other pages on my site. For example, I would like to enable a set featured header image on all my blog pages (so blog, single, categories, archive, etc.), but nowhere else on my site. Also, I would like to have right sidebars on all the pages associated with blog posts (again, to include the single pages, archives, etc.) but no sidebars on all the rest of the site. Do you have any suggestions? I see how I can enable sidebars on the page I have using the 'blog' template, but that doesn't affect the single pages, categories, etc. I suppose I could enable sidebars site-wide through the theme options, and then manually switch each of my other pages to no-sidebar, but that doesn't seem very user friendly with almost a hundred other pages. Same with the featured header image. Looks like I can only enable on ALL or disable on ALL. Is there any way to only enable on certain pages? I'm happy to add things to my child theme, if you can point me in the right direction. :) Here is my dev site, if that's helpful: http://stonecairnstudio.com/sandbox/JhamtseGatsal/