Double image in Featured Content

Hello. For some reason when I uploaded a picture in one of my topics that I use for Feature Content, it is showing twice on my main feed, but only once in the actual post. How do I correct that problem please? ladsportstips.com I am totally new in this topic, this is my first ever webpage. I was gonna drop this theme since I couldn't feature categories in my feed, but I've noticed it's in a Pro version, so there is big light in the tunnel. So far I'm stuck with this... I have no featured image selected (as far as I can tell), no custom CSS, my other featured content is displaying ok (text and link), just that picture is causing problems. I'd like top picture with link to be displayed below title, and that bottom one gone. Thank you in advance!